This indicates that the abandonment of some of these capitals was unrelated to the mfecane, but was likely tied to more localized factors.
https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south
https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south
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https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south
https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south
https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south
https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south
https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south
https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/stone-towns-on-the-highveld-of-south