Exactly this. We should tax the rich because they benefit most from the infrastructure of the state, and by taxing them, we send a message that they have a duty to contribute to the system that supports them and allows them to be wealthy.
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The point of public policy is also to send a message about what is and isn't morally and socially acceptable, which is why there is duty on tobacco, alcohol, and other goods. Taxing the rich sends the message that those who benefit most should contribute their fair share.
The behaviour taxing the wealthy is designed to change is the idea that you can hoard wealth without contributing to the society that made you wealthy. Which is just as damaging as drinking
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Most wealthy people pay some tax, and it's better to collect some than none at all.
Taxing the wealthy does change their behaviour, but not necessarily in the direction we'd want.
Of course we should tax the wealthy: Labour have already done so, and land and property taxation definitely needs an overhaul.