One under-appreciated energy efficiency advantage of HSR vs. EVs is higher effective seat-yield: HSR in China is typically ~80% seat-yield vs. <1/3rd for passenger cars.
A fully packed EV can be nearly as efficient as HSR but cars are most often used by a single person/driver.
A fully packed EV can be nearly as efficient as HSR but cars are most often used by a single person/driver.
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In '24, China will consume around ~10,000 TWh.
So this is equivalent to ~0.5% of total power consumption in China a year.
This compares with est. ~78 TWh for the entire light NEV fleet.