The first is that asteroids like Dimorphos, and smaller, tend to be rubble piles: not solid single rocks, but boulders weakly bound by their own gravity. Hitting them just right can produce that debris-like thrust effect, but if you hit them too hard, you'll shatter them.
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The change in velocity delivered by the impact was 2.7mm/s. https://www.llnl.gov/article/49541/study-looks-velocity-impact-asteroid-dimorphos