"Finally, the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus interacts with FBL and U3 snoRNA, impairing prerRNA processing and depleting mature ribosomes."
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This article address excess Ca2+ release from neurons in those living with a chronic SARS-Cov-2 infection.
SARS-CoV-2 Viroporin E Induces Ca2+ Release and Neuron Cell Death in Primary Cultures of Rat Hippocampal Cells Aged In Vitro https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11203731/
"Highly infectious viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus, or hepatitis C virus encode proteins that function as ion channels."
It is Tat that contributes to hippocampal atrophy and the calcium overload observed above.
HIV-1 protein Tat induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by a mechanism involving caspase activation, calcium overload, and oxidative stress https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9878167/
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SARS-CoV-2 Viroporin E Induces Ca2+ Release and Neuron Cell Death in Primary Cultures of Rat Hippocampal Cells Aged In Vitro https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11203731/
HIV-1 protein Tat induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by a mechanism involving caspase activation, calcium overload, and oxidative stress https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9878167/