For those wondering why we seem to be so behind when it comes to effective mucosal vaccines against respiratory viruses, this really excellent overview from leaders in the field offers a great summary: www.nature.com/articles/s41... few additional points for those who want a bit more detail🧵: - ThreadSky

enirenberg.bsky.social • 173 days ago

For those wondering why we seem to be so behind when it comes to effective mucosal vaccines against respiratory viruses, this really excellent overview from leaders in the field offers a great summary:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-024-02486-8

few additional points for those who want a bit more detail🧵:

Comments

katersimpson.bsky.social•173 days ago

Behind a paywall.

max0206.bsky.social•173 days ago

Thank you… useless post*** when it’s behind a paywall

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

I cannot put alt text in this instance because of the character limits unfortunately

smcdonnell.bsky.social•173 days ago

Thank you so much. The article is good and you including it so we can look at it is amazing.

neurostats.org•173 days ago

📌

blikethecheese.bsky.social•173 days ago

Nice summary, thanks.

ultimacanti.bsky.social•173 days ago

Thanks for the article and the summary. I work with teams on a large number of diseases including respiratory disease complexes so finding reviews with nice figures is helpful.

aetiology.bsky.social•173 days ago

📌

rowyourbot.bsky.social•173 days ago

Aw phooey. Delays? I have such hopes for these. I was wondering if this would bypass the hysteria about vaccine through shots. At this point, I wonder if the antivaxx are people who want others to die so I don’t know they will probably oppose but it gives us ‘a shot’ (had to make this joke)

dask24.bsky.social•173 days ago

What happens with all the billions of used needles?

tsudhonimh.bsky.social•173 days ago

The ever-moving goalposts of intranasal vaccines.

Thank you, it was a great summary.

drgurner.bsky.social•173 days ago

Why we are behind, is that we haven't invested in them. We could "warp speed" better tools - but it is not of interest.

When you put $$ over Health (economy reopening, etc), you get neither in the end.

We should have upgraded air systems early, like WHO did in March 2020. We knew then.

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

Investment is a factor and it will be particularly consequential in the coming years but this isn’t nearly as simple as “we just need to throw more money at it.” These questions will take time to answer even if we were to give unrestricted funding to that purpose.

nadianikulin.bsky.social•173 days ago

Really informative. Like a Bluesky version of a review article! Thank you for sharing

olives-n-oil.bsky.social•173 days ago

📌

sascrads.bsky.social•173 days ago

📌

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

Since it was specifically brought up as an example- in addition to pre-existing immunity being a factor in limiting the effectiveness of Flumist (the nasal spray flu vaccine) another challenge has to do with the fact that you are simultaneously trying to induce robust immunity against...

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

4 (now 3) different flu viruses which involves using the same backbone for the genome and swapping out the hemagglutinin proteins to reflect current circulating strains. However, the relative fitness of the resulting viruses can differ significantly, which means that you can get a situation where...

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

one (or more) strains targeted by the vaccine simply do not replicate to a meaningful extent once in the upper respiratory tract and no significant immunity is conferred. This has resulted in Flumist effectiveness against *certain strains* (as distinct from flu as a whole) in the past being poor:

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

In principle, you could get around this by using a vaccine platform which does not rely on replication of the antigen inside the body, such as a protein-based vaccine, but you of course are constrained by all of the barriers described in the correspondence with regard to delivery and adjuvantation.

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

I also feel obligated to mention that while there are very sound theoretical reasons to believe that induction of mucosal immunity within the upper respiratory tract would improve protection against a number of respiratory viruses relative to the canonical method of intramuscular vaccination...

enirenberg.bsky.social•173 days ago

when we have attempted direct comparisons, a difference in either immunogenicity or quality of protection clearly favoring the mucosal route has not always been readily apparent. For example, Moderna previously published work on a nasally delivered mRNA vaccine compared with IM:

daverensberger.bsky.social•173 days ago

There's also the human behavior aspect of this to consider. Many people are needle-phobic, and aren't going to go for the "multiple shots annually" plan that is now recommended. Even if intranasal vaccines turn out to be slightly less effective, it could still be a win if it increased vax rates, no?

kayteeoz.bsky.social•173 days ago

📌

yrrej1.bsky.social•173 days ago

We won't need them now that Bobby Kennedy Jr. is going to use "magical thinking" to cure all diseases and make us all healthy.

aheise.bsky.social•173 days ago

📌

Comments

Posting Rules

Reply