"Activation of vagal sensory neurons allows the brain to regulate immune responses by modulating cytokine production and minimizing tissue damage during prolonged inflammation or infection....
...vagal sensory neurons interact with the trillions of microorganisms that live in our GI tract, collectively known as the gut microbiota. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and other by-products of microbial fermentation, are detected by vagal sensory neurons.
..In this way, vagal sensory neurons help translate the biochemical signals produced by the microbiota into neural signals that influence gut function."
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