This has been a right-wing talking point for a while. They're quoting something said by Sen. Jacob Howard, one of the drafters, during the debate over the amendment in 1866. He was talking specifically about excluding Native American tribes considered "foreign powers" by the US government.
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MFD
Where does it say “full and complete jurisdiction”??? They’re quoting a passage that doesn’t exist!
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Good news though is that if they try this argument at SCOTUS, Gorsuch will see right through it.
(I wrote about it in the Atlantic in 2018)
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/11/dominican-republic-erased-birthright-citizenship/575527/
If you can cite any dead white asshat that participated in any arguments over anything in the Constitution and it’s gross right-wing horseshit, you can guarantee Originalism is on its way and that out-of-context, not-the-law quote becomes legal precedent.
Fuckin Scalia.