'Kujitemea', or self-reliance, was a key understanding within Tanzanian socialist ideas in the 1970s.

Yasmina Martin traces the spirit of self-reliance in African National Congress projects like the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO):

https://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/empire-decolonisation/the-soweto-uprising-and-south-african-exile-in-socialist-tanzania/

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