I wrote on some modelling & simulation looking at how climate change might affect anti-submarine warfare. On worst-case assumptions of change: “In the Bay of Biscay, off the French coast, a sub that could once be detected from 60km away will be spotted only at 20km” https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2025/03/27/climate-change-may-make-it-harder-to-spot-submarines