Delighted that @gregoryeady.bsky.social and my paper "Gendered Perceptions and the Costs of Political Toxicity: Experimental Evidence from Politicians and Citizens in Four Democracies" is now online @apsrjournal.bsky.social (Open access)
More in this [1/14]
More in this [1/14]
Comments
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After so many decades of advancing a previously ignored population (lets say women - but can substitute any non patriarchal/non white power structure) and being required to come up with (1/2)
(I said "ideal" on purpose)
*Not arguing.
Genuinely curious.
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Our questions:
Is the seriousness of toxic behavior toward politicians understood differently if the person attacked is a woman or a man, even if the behavior is equivalent?
And if so what are the mechanisms that drive these differences?
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Potential double burden of toxic behavior for women politicians: Harm stems not just from the content/frequency but also from the perceived motives of the perpetrator, which likely vary by the attacked politician's gender
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Visual conjoint survey experiments that mimic toxic conversations on social media in the US, Belgium, Chile, and Denmark
Respondents: Politicians (~350-1000 per country) & citizens (~1,200 per country)
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Paired conjoint used to determine how assessments of equivalent toxic behaviors vary by gender
Single vignette used to judge whether people infer the motives behind toxic behaviors differently depending on the gender of the politician attacked
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Strong evidence that perceptions of toxic behavior depend on context. Equivalent messages to women are judged as more toxic
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