This article estimates that "... a total of $8.349 billion ($8.968 billion in 2023 US dollars) were spent on APCs between 2019 and 2023. We estimate that in 2023 MDPI ($681.6 million), Elsevier ($582.8 million) and Springer Nature ($546.6) generated the most revenue with APCs."
"Estimating global article processing charges paid to six publishers for open access between 2019 and 2023" by Stefanie Haustein, Eric Schares, Juan Pablo Alperin, Madelaine Hare, Leigh-Ann Butler, and Nina Schönfelder

arxiv.org/abs/2407.16551

#APCs #OpenAccess #CommercialPublishing #SJF2025

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