There is emerging research which is focused on identifying neuroimaing (or rather, brain-based) biomarkers for chronic pain. The research is still early days and detecting a reliable clinically useful biomarker remains elusive. A goal is to better predict and diagnose chronic pain.
Where in the brain are effects being seen, in so far as present research has found? And could you direct me to any published research? Very interested.
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https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/2019/08000/neuroimaging_based_biomarkers_for_pain__state_of.21.aspx
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-020-0362-2
https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/fulltext/S2666-3791(24)00531-7