Some very nice work by my Google colleagues on assessing the Compute Carbon Intensity (measured as g CO2e / EFLOPs) of multiple generations of TPUs (including manufacturing, operational & retirement costs). CCI has improved by 3X from TPU v4i to TPU v6e.
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01671
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01671
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Blog post to accompany the paper:
https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/sustainability/tpus-improved-carbon-efficiency-of-ai-workloads-by-3x