"You couldn't pay me to move there".
Yet many OECD countries do just that: offer tax relief for migrants and returning nationals.
Does it work? Is it worth the cost?
This brief explores the question https://doi.org/10.1787/5a23e2a3-en
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The Italian "impatriate" regimes: average unadjusted relief for beneficiaries is now about €30K/year.
(Bassetto & Ippedico 2024 say: eligible more likely to return) So did the regime *bring* 240 million in tax in 2021?
Or would those people have come anyway, so relief *cost* 700 million?
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OECD countries offer different types of tax relief for migrants.
Flat tax - 6 countries
Exemptions - 10 countries (example Sweden below)
Deductions - 5 countries
These aren't massive programmes numerically, but they aren't insignificant and can look costly.
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Public evaluation of tax reliefs for migrants is scarce/absent.
Targeted programmes can attract more workers
(Kleven, Stantcheva, Landais, Muñoz; Timm, Giuliodori, @mullerpaul.bsky.social)
or increase productivity (Malchow-Møller,Munch, Skaksen)
But how to target?
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Comments
(Bassetto & Ippedico 2024 say: eligible more likely to return) So did the regime *bring* 240 million in tax in 2021?
Or would those people have come anyway, so relief *cost* 700 million?
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Flat tax - 6 countries
Exemptions - 10 countries (example Sweden below)
Deductions - 5 countries
These aren't massive programmes numerically, but they aren't insignificant and can look costly.
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Targeted programmes can attract more workers
(Kleven, Stantcheva, Landais, Muñoz; Timm, Giuliodori, @mullerpaul.bsky.social)
or increase productivity (Malchow-Møller,Munch, Skaksen)
But how to target?
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And the idea keeps coming back
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https://www.dw.com/en/germany-mulls-new-tax-rebates-for-skilled-foreign-workers/a-69608524
Portugal's tax relief for non-habitual residents (NHR) was worth almost €1bn in 2020. Most eligibility ended this year. But the *targeted* relief remains.
https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/portugal-plans-reintroduce-tax-breaks-foreign-residents-2024-07-04/
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