This piece with quotes from @profsanderlinden.bsky.social and @jayvanbavel.bsky.social does a bit of a dive into whether fact-checking works, surrounding the Meta platform policy changes. It notes a large (N=20K) meta-analysis indicates a significant positive effect.
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00027-0
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00027-0
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01388-6