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On this day in 1014 King Brian Boru of Ireland defeats Viking forces at the Battle of Clontarf, freeing Ireland from foreign control.

Happy international woman day

On this day in 1916 Battle of Verdun begins with a German offensive, leads to an estimated 1 million casualties, and becomes the longest battle of the entire war (9 months).

On this day in 1944 Battle of Eniwetok: US forces take Enewetak Atoll at the cost of 37 Americans killed or missing and 94 wounded, Japanese losses were 800 dead and 23 prisoners. đź“· US landing craft pass supporting warships on their way to Eniwetok Atoll

On this day in 1600 Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in South American recorded history.

On this day in 1911 The first official flight with air mail takes place in Allahabad, British India, when Henri Pequet, a 23-year-old pilot, delivers 6,500 letters to Naini, about 10 km away.

On this day in 1865 Union forces led by William T. Sherman capture the state capital of Columbia, South Carolina. The city is ablaze by nightfall, fanned by high winds devastating much of the city. It is not known which side started the fires.

On this day in 1923 Howard Carter opens the inner burial chamber of Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb and finds the sarcophagus. đź“· British archaeologist Howard Carter at the sarcophagus of Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun.

On this day in 1797 Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats larger Spanish fleet under Admiral Don José de Córdoba y Ramos near Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Captain Horatio Nelsondistinguishes himself.

On this day in 1258 Baghdad, then a city of 1 million, falls to the Mongols as the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed, tens of thousands slaughtered, ending the Islamic Golden Age. đź“· The minaret of the Al Khalufa mosque in Baghdad, showcasing the minaret from the Abbasid era of the city.

On this day in 1700 Great Northern War begins in Northern Europe between Denmark–Norway, Saxony, Russia, and the Swedish Empire

On this day in 1858 in Lourdes, France, 14-year-old Bernadette Soubirous, a miller's daughter, first had visions of the Virgin Mary that were authenticated by Pope Pius IX in 1862, initiating the cult of Our Lady of Lourdes.

On this day in 1525 Albert of Prussia pledges a personal oath to Sigismund I the Old and is invested with the duchy for himself and his heirs.

On this day in 1897 Invasion of Benin City by British Expeditionary Force; the city is burned and looted, ending the Nigerian Kingdom of Benin formed in the 11th century. 📸 The Benin Pendant Mask.

On this day in 1587 Mary, Queen of Scots, is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle at age 44 after being convicted of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth I in the Babington Plot.

On this day in 1238 Mongolian forces led by General Batu capture and burn the important Russian city of Vladimir, after an eight-day siege.

On this day Elizabeth II ascended the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland this day in 1952, following the death of her father, King George VI. She became the longest-reigning monarch in British history in 2015.

On this day The Third Punic War, the last of three between Rome and Carthage, came to an end this day in 146 bce, culminating in the final destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its people, and Roman hegemony over the Mediterranean.

On this day in 1859 One of the oldest known copies of the Bible, "The Codex Sinaiticus" (Sinai Bible), is seen in Egypt by Constantin von Tischendorf, who takes the manuscript home.

On this day in 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was ratified, guaranteeing the right to vote regardless of race and intending to ensure, with the Fourteenth Amendment, the civil rights of former slaves.

On this day in 1990, South African President F.W. de Klerk lifted the 30-year ban on the African National Congress, resulting in the release from prison of Nelson Mandela and marking the beginning of the end of apartheid.

On this day in 2003, while returning to Earth from an orbital mission, the U.S. space shuttle Columbia broke up catastrophically at an altitude of about 40 miles (60 km) over Texas, killing all seven crew members.

On this day in 1606, British provocateur Guy Fawkes—one of the Gunpowder Plot conspirators, who sought to blow up Parliament and to assassinate King James I for his repression of Roman Catholics—was executed in London.

On this day in 1902 Britain and Japan sign a treaty after months of negotiating which commits each country to supporting an independent China and Korea, although it acknowledges Japan's 'special interest' in Korea.

On this day in 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush, delivering a State of the Union address, described Iraq, Iran, and North Korea as an “axis of evil” for their attempts to develop nuclear, chemical, or biological weaponry.

On this day in 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after liftoff from Cape Canaveral, killing all 7 crew members, including Christa McAuliffe who was to be the first teacher in space.

On this day in 1973 The Paris accord ending the Vietnam War, America's longest war to that time, was signed this day in 1973, providing for an exchange of prisoners and for the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. forces from South Vietnam.

On this day in 1788 Captain Arthur Phillip and British colonists hoist the Union Flag at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, now celebrated as Australia Day. Referred to as Invasion Day by some First Nations people.

On this day in 1777 Americans drag a cannon up a hill of Kingsbridge Road in the Bronx, New York to fight the British, giving added significance to the area's historic name of Greate Gunn Hill; the name of the road was changed to Gun Hill Road in 1875.

On this day in 1848 James Marshall finds gold in Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.

On this day in 971 War elephant corps of the Southern Han defeated at Shao by crossbow fire from Song Dynasty troops forcing the Southern Han state to submit to the Song Dynasty. First regular war elephant corps in the Chinese army.

On this day in 1689 Prince William of Orange (future King William III of Britain) summons the Convention Parliament to discuss ruling jointly with his wife Mary, the daughter of exiled King James II

On this day in 1793 Louis XVI of France is executed by guillotine in Paris, following his conviction for "high treason" by the newly created French Parliament (Convention nationale), during the French Revolution.

On this day in 1981 Ronald Reagan is sworn in as president at the same time 52 American hostages are released from their captors in Tehran, Iran.

On this day in 1812 After a ten-day siege, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, orders British soldiers of the Light and Third Divisions to storm Ciudad Rodrigo during the Peninsular War.

On this day in 1486 King Henry VII of England marries Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York.

On this day in 1873 Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, a part of the Modoc War

On this day in 27 BC The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate.

On this day in 588 BC Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah's reign. The siege lasts until July 23, 586 BC.

On this day in 1343 Arnost of Pardubice becomes the first Archbishop of Prague (and the last bishop of Prague)