Time Machine backs up your Mac. For those who are paranoid you’d have two 1Tb or more USB external drives (£60 from Amazon for reliable Toshiba ones). Swap them daily & keep one in the car glovebox.
Also install antivirus software. There is such a thing as Mac malware but it’s rarer than Windows.
Both. Depending on case. I always recommend full image backups on external drives as it allows the quickest recovery of not just your data but all your apps and, crucially, settings and customisations. Cloud (if you have a GOOD password and MFA) for your essential data.
It’s a back up hard drive but not infallible either. Mine was interfered with remotely and lost everything backed up for three years but not before that.
Although I’m sure all this chat sounds very much like an empty stable door banging so hard it gives you a headache for poor @emmakennedy.bsky.social who is the one facing an horrific re-writing task. If I’d lost the text of one of my novels I would have sobbed for a week. 😢
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Also install antivirus software. There is such a thing as Mac malware but it’s rarer than Windows.