Another problem with NFIP and private insurance, is they are both often reliant on outdated codes and land use standards. At least for the NFIP, FEMA has a legal obligation to address that, as @nrdc.org and ASFPM raised in their petition for rulemaking in 2021. https://www.floods.org/news-views/asfpm-updates/as-flooding-from-climate-change-worsens-groups-seek-to-change-outdated-federal-rules-for-building-homes-and-infrastructure/