Hmm I think someone else already suggested Arkady Martine’s “A Memory Called Empire” and “A Desolation Called Peace” — they both spend a lot of time on governance, and they’re excellent reads. Also already mentioned was the Expanse series.
+1. Also Hannu Rajaniemi's Quantum Thief and sequels go into some good far future societals. Justina Robson played with a lot of aspects in her Forged books
Read those ones as well. I actually have a rec for those who enjoyed both The Mountain in the Sea and the various climate fiction suggested: Venomous Lumpsucker.
Several of Becky Chambers’ recent novels are interesting in this aspect too. Check out her Monk & Robot books (future post-capitalist Earth) and her Wayfarers series (multi-species space-faring society) but especially “The Galaxy, and the Ground Within” & “Record of a Spaceborn Few” from the latter
Loved The Ministry for the Future, Terra Ignota & the Becky Chambers books you mentioned! Increasingly I can only read SF which is either utopian or at least leaning in that general direction. The world we live in is getting overwhelming.
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Elizabeth Bear's WHITE SPACE (Ancestral Night, book 1) might fit