philipgrant40.bsky.social
Executive Director, TRIAL International.
#UniversalJurisdiction
#CompétenceUniverselle
Soft spot: believes in the rule of law
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...It is the first time ever a Russian has been found guilty of atrocity crimes committed in Ukraine in 2014 based on universal jurisdiction.
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...linked to the Rusich paramilitary group, was arrested in Finland in 2022 while in transit at Helsinki Airport. Finland prosecuted him under #universaljurisdiction, allowing national courts to try individuals for serious international crimes regardless of where they were committed.
It is...
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... charge, which alleged his involvement in an ambush that killed 22 Ukrainian soldiers, citing insufficient evidence. However, he was convicted of four separate offenses, including the mutilation of a wounded soldier and degrading treatment of deceased combatants.
Torden, an ultranationalist...
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List my not be exhaustive. Please add more if I missed anything.
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🔹Erich Honecker – East Germany. Put on trial in 1992 for ordering the killings of people attempting to flee East Germany. The trial was discontinued in 1993 due to his deteriorating health.
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🔹Augusto Pinochet – Chile. Arrested in 1998 in the UK on torture charges but was released on medical grounds in 2000 without facing trial (Spain had requested his extradition). Died in 2006.
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🔹Slobodan Milošević – Serbia and Yugoslavia. Died in 2006 before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) could reach a verdict on charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
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🔹Uhuru Kenyatta – Kenya: Charges withdrawn by the ICC in 2014 due to insufficient evidence. Charges were crimes against humanity related to the 2007–2008 post-election violence.
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🔹 Omar al-Bashir – Sudan. Also under ICC arrest warrant for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide in Darfur. Currently fugitive.
🔹Laurent Gbagbo – Ivory Coast. Acquitted by the ICC in 2019 of all charges of crimes against humanity related to post-election violence in 2010–2011.
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🔹 Vladimir Putin – Russia. An ICC arrest warrant was issued on March 17, 2023, for war crimes, specifically the unlawful deportation of Ukrainian children during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Currently fugitive.
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🔹Bashar al-Assad (Syria): Arrest warrant issued by French court for complicity in crimes against humanity and complicity in war crimes related to his role in the Ghouta chemical attacks. Currently fugitive.
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🔹 Benjamin Netanyahu – Israel. An ICC arrest warrant was issued on November 21, 2024, for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the war crime of starvation as a method of warfare and crimes against humanity such as murder and persecution, related to the Gaza conflict. Currently fugitive.
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🔹Min Aung Hlaing – Myanmar. In November 2024, the ICC prosecutor requested an arrest warrant for Min Aung Hlaing for crimes against humanity related to the persecution of the Rohingya. Additionally, on February 14, 2025, an Argentine court issued an arrest warrant under #universaljurisdiction.
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🔹 Hibatullah Akhundzada – Afghanistan. In January 2025, the ICC prosecutor requested an arrest warrant for Akhundzada for crimes against humanity, specifically the persecution of women and girls. His status as head of state is debated, as the Taliban government is not internationally recognized.
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... Executed after being convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity by a national military tribunal.
🔹 General Hideki Tojo (Japan) – Death by hanging by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
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🔹 Jorge Rafael Videla (Argentina) – Life imprisonment by an Argentinian national court for crimes against humanity during the Dirty War.
🔹 Nicolae Ceaușescu (Romania) – Executed by a national military court for genocide and other crimes.
🔹 Francisco Macías Nguema (Equatorial Guinea)...
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🔹 Juan María Bordaberry (Uruguay) – 30 years by a Uruguayan national court for violating the constitution and murders of political opponents.
🔹 Jean Kambanda (Rwanda) – Life imprisonment by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) for genocide and crimes against humanity.
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an Argentinian national court for crimes against humanity.
🔹 Gregorio Álvarez (Uruguay) – 25 years by a Uruguayan national court for involvement in homicides of political opponents.
🔹 Saddam Hussein (Iraq) – Death by hanging by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for crimes against humanity.
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🔹 Hissène Habré (Chad) – Life imprisonment by the Extraordinary African Chambers (EAC) for crimes against humanity, war crimes, and torture.
🔹 Alberto Fujimori (Peru) – 25 years by a Peruvian national court for human rights abuses.
🔹 Reynaldo Bignone (Argentina) – Life imprisonment by...
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🔹 Charles Taylor (Liberia) – 50 years by the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
🔹 Efraín Ríos Montt (Guatemala) – 80 years by a Guatemalan national court for genocide and crimes against humanity. Conviction overturned on appeal.
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...Republika Srpska, BiH) – Life imprisonment by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
🔹 Nuon Chea (Cambodia) – Life imprisonment by the ECCC for genocide and crimes against humanity.
prison.
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...the December murders of 1982. His conviction was upheld on appeal in December 2023.
🔹 Khieu Samphan (Cambodia) – Life imprisonment by the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) for crimes against humanity and genocide.
🔹 Radovan Karadžić (President of the self-proclaimed...
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...what will happen at the ICC—former leaders have had to face some sort of justice or the other.
Here are some of the most significant convictions of heads of state and government for atrocity crimes:
🔹 Desi Bouterse (Suriname) – 20 years by a Surinamese national court for his involvement in...
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Am sooo jealous
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... of war crimes allegedly committed in Donbass during 2014-15. He denies all charges. His trial started in December 2024. Finnish prosecutors are seeking life imprisonment.
It's the 1st war crimes cases concerning 🇷🇺 crimes committed in 🇺🇦 based on universal jurisdiction.
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And even if they could, the ICC would anyway retain jurisdiction for crimes committed in Afghanistan for a full year after the withdrawal from ICC.
So not the end of the story by any stretch of the legal imagination.
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...communication—including a withdrawal request—must come from the previous government’s UN representatives, not the Taliban.
Without international recognition or control over Afghanistan’s UN seat, the Taliban will have a hard time legally withdrawing the country from the ICC.
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Under the Rome Statute, a state must notify the UN Secretary-General to formally withdraw from the ICC.
The challenge? The Taliban government is not internationally recognized. The Afghan Permanent Mission to the UN still represents the previous government.
This means that any official...
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Was the ICC unprepared? Did Kenya indicate it would not cooperate? Other reasons? For international justice to show it relevance, such questions must be answered.
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...Statue.
It has an obligation to cooperate with the ICC. If a senior RSF commander—potentially a key figure in ongoing crimes against humanity—can attend meetings in Nairobi without fear of arrest, what does this say about the credibility of international justice?
There are many questions here.
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...indicated that new arrest warrants were forthcoming for those responsible for the horrors in West Darfur, including the mass killings of the Masalit people. Meanwhile, Abdel Rahim has already been sanctioned by the U.S. for his alleged role in these crimes.
Kenya is a State Party to the Rome...
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... and systematic atrocities—was in Nairobi, Kenya for high-level political meetings. This was a significant opportunity for international justice. Yet, why was he not arrested?
The ICC has been investigating war crimes in Darfur for nearly two decades. Just last month, Prosecutor Karim Khan...
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From 1926 to 1973, around 600 Yenish children were taken from their families with state support. While not legally genocide, the government admits its role in serious human rights violations, reiterates its apologies, and plans further consultations on remembrance efforts.